Coats of arms, also known as family crests, offer a glimpse into a family’s history, values, and heritage. Rooted in the tradition of heraldry, they began as symbols of identity on the battlefield, as they allowed warriors to be recognised by their shields. Over time, these designs became important markers of family lineage. In this article, we’ll explore the origins of coats of arms, their evolution, and the meanings behind their key elements.
The Origins of Heraldry and Coats of Arms
Heraldry emerged in the 12th century, initially as a practical tool. In a time when battles were common, and soldiers wore identical armour, coats of arms helped distinguish friend from foe. They were often painted on shields or embroidered on tunics. Distinctive colours, shapes, and symbols that could be easily seen from a distance were typical.
As heraldry evolved, its purpose expanded beyond warfare. Noble families adopted coats of arms to signify social status, and by the 13th century, coats of arms became hereditary. Passed down through generations, they became emblems of family identity, often recorded in official registers. For many families, a coat of arms is a way to honour ancestors and preserve a connection to their heritage.
Key Elements in Coats of Arms
The design of a coat of arms follows established rules and conventions, which help convey meaning through colour, shapes, and symbols. Below are the essential components you’ll find in most coats of arms:
- The Shield: The central part of any coat of arms, the shield is divided into sections and is the primary canvas for colours and symbols.
- The Crest: Located above the shield, it often features an animal or a mythical creature, representing qualities the family holds dear.
- Supporters and Motto: Supporters are figures (often animals) placed on either side of the shield, while a motto may appear at the base, usually reflecting the family’s values.
These elements work together to create a unique visual language, encoding messages that reflect the values, accomplishments, and stories of a family.
Symbolism in Coats of Arms
Each element in a coat of arms holds its own significance, often chosen to reflect a family’s values, accomplishments, or aspirations. Colours, animals, and shapes each contribute unique layers of meaning in heraldry.
- Colours (Tinctures): Each shade transmits specific qualities. For instance, red represents bravery and strength, while blue signifies loyalty and truth. Green, associated with hope and joy, adds a sense of vitality. Gold stands for generosity and elevating one’s mind, while consistency and grief are often represented by black.
- Animals and Mythical Creatures: The animals or creatures depicted in a coat of arms are equally symbolic. You will often find an in British and European heraldry. It represents courage and nobility, while the eagle, usually seen in German and Polish designs, symbolises strength, foresight, and even immortality. The dragon is common in Welsh heraldry as it embodies protection and resilience. Stags, with their calm demeanour, reflect peace and harmony, suggesting a family with a legacy in diplomacy or peaceful leadership.
- Shapes and Patterns: Different shapes and patterns add another dimension of meaning. The chevron, resembling an inverted V, is often used to signify protection and is usually awarded to individuals or families who have achieved significant accomplishments. The cross, a symbol of faith, may be chosen by families with strong religious backgrounds, while the bend – a diagonal stripe across the shield – suggests a defence or a protector role.
These symbolic elements together allow a coat of arms to serve as a visual biography, capturing a family’s lineage and the values, qualities, and aspirations that have defined its legacy.
The Evolution of Coats of Arms Over Time
The use of coats of arms grew over centuries, shifting from a marker of nobility to a more inclusive practice. By the Renaissance, heraldry had spread beyond the nobility to include merchants and craftspeople.
Family crests became more elaborate, reflecting the individual preferences and achievements of those who commissioned them. New symbols were added to represent the arts, sciences, and trades, allowing those outside the noble class to celebrate their accomplishments and values.
Today, coats of arms hold meaning, especially in family research and genealogy. Many people take pride in discovering their family’s coat of arms, seeing it as a direct link to their past. While the strict rules of heraldic design remain, modern interpretations often incorporate personal touches, blending traditional elements with individual family stories.